Beyond the Axis: the evolution of Iran’s ‘Axis of Resistance’

Beyond the Axis is part of the Cross-border Conflict Evidence Policy and Trends (XCEPT) programme. The project set out to understand how Iranian arms transfers to allied groups has changed over time, and was ultimately able to explain how and why Iran, and its ‘Axis of Resistance’ allies have proven more resilient than expected in the wake of the regional crises since October 2023.